Modal Verbs To Ask For Permission We use may and can to ask for permission. May sounds more polite and official. Examples: May I smoke here? — No, but you may smoke outside. — Здесь можно курить? Нет, но можно на улице. Traditionally can expresses ability. But today, a lot of people use ‘can’ to…
Have To and Have Got To to Express Necessity and Advice Have to is often used in any context to express necessity. It can be used in all tense forms. Examples: 1. She has to study a lot in order to pass the exam. 2. She will have to study a lot in order to…
Modals to Express Necessity Must, Have to and Need To ‘Must’, ‘have to’, and ‘need to’ in the positive or question form are used to speak about responsibilities, obligations and important actions. Examples: 1. I’m having some trouble understanding this. I must ask Peter a few questions. 2. She has to work with clients from…
How To Use “Had Better” To Give Advice We use had better 1. To give recommendations. Example: You’d better stop smoking. — Вам лучше бросить курить. 2. To express a desperate hope or a threat. Example: He’d better not be having an affair now. — Ему бы сейчас лучше не заводить роман. 3. To give…
Modals To Give Advice We use the modal verbs should, ought to and had better or shouldn’t, ought not and had better not to give advice. Should and ought to have the same meaning, but the verb ‘should’ is more common. They can be used to refer to the present and the future time. Examples: …
Modals To Express Ability: Can and Be Able To We use the verbs can/could, be able to to express physical or mental ability to do something. Correspondingly, can’t, couldn’t and not be able to mean inability. Use the verb can in the present tense: Example: I can sing, play the guitar and ride a unicycle…
Gerund or To+Infinitive Part 2: Infinitive The infinitive is the base form of a verb you find in a dictionary. We use the infinitive: 1. After adjectives: Example: The problem is difficult to solve. — Эту проблему трудно решить. 2. After some verbs: would like, want, need, decide, hope, expect, plan, forget, seem, try, promise,…
Gerund or To+Infinitive Part 1: Gerund Gerunds are the -ing forms of verbs. They function as nouns. We use the gerund: 1.After prepositions: Example: I’m tired of running. — Я устал бегать. 2. After some verbs: like, love, hate, enjoy, mind, finish, stop. Example: I enjoy seeing you. — Я рад видеть вас. 3. As…
Prepositions of Time — For and During (Levels A2, B1) FOR We use for when we say the number of hours, days, months, etc. We also use it in expressions like “for ages” and “for a long time”. Example: I’m going to live in France for 2 months. — Я собираюсь пожить два месяца во…
The Use of Tenses in Time Clauses A Present Perfect in a time clause refers to a future situation. Compared to the Present Simple, the Present Perfect puts more emphasis on the action being completed. Example: I’ll wash up as soon as I finish. or I’ll wash up as soon as I have finished. —…